Avian Pox ArtWork

Avian pox is a viral disease affecting birds, caused by poxviruses in the genus *Avipoxvirus*. Veterinarians should be aware of the following:  

1. **Species Affected**
- **Wide host range**: Commonly affects wild birds, domestic poultry (chickens, turkeys), and pet birds.  
- Species-specific strains exist but cross-species infections can occur.  

2. **Transmission**
- **Mechanical transmission**: Through biting insects (mosquitoes) or direct contact with infected birds.  
- Contaminated surfaces, feed, or water can also spread the virus.  

3. **Clinical Forms**
- **Cutaneous (dry form)**: Wart-like lesions on unfeathered areas (beak, eyes, legs). Usually mild and self-limiting.  
- **Diphtheritic (wet form)**: Lesions in the oral cavity, trachea, or esophagus. Can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing.  
- **Systemic form**: Rare but severe, with generalized signs and high mortality.  

4. **Diagnosis**
- **Clinical signs**: Recognizable lesions.  
- **Lab confirmation**: Histopathology (Bollinger bodies in tissues), PCR, or virus isolation.  

5. **Management**
- No specific antiviral treatment; focus on supportive care:
  - Clean and disinfect lesions to prevent secondary infections.  
  - Maintain hydration and nutrition.  
  - Isolate infected birds.  

6. **Prevention**
- **Vaccination**: Effective for domestic poultry in endemic areas (administered via wing-web stab).  
- **Vector control**: Reduce mosquito populations and maintain hygiene.  
- **Biosecurity**: Minimize contact between wild and domestic birds.  

7. **Zoonotic Potential**
- Avian pox is not transmissible to humans but can significantly impact avian populations, especially endangered species.  

Knowing these aspects ensures better management and containment of the disease.